| Inordertoreducemorbidity,andtohaveafasterrecoveryandshortenedhospitalstayafterelectivecolorectalsurgery,peri-operativecarehasbeenslowlyevolving.Duringthepastdecade,variousmultimodalrecoveryprogramsconductedbydifferentauthorities,suchas“EnhancedRecoveryAfterSurgery”(ERAS),“EnhancedRecoveryProgram”,“AcceleratedPostoperativeRecoveryProgram”,“MultimodalOptimizationofSurgicalCare”or“FastTrack”(FT),etc,wereestablishedtodecreasethesurgicalstressresponse,acceleraterecovery,decreasecomplications,shortenthehospitalstay,andreducehospitalcosts,withoutcompromisingpatientsafety.Althoughsomevariationexists,themajorelementsoftheseprogramsareaboutthesame:optimalpainrelief,stressreductionwithregionalanesthesia/analgesia,earlyenteralnutrition,andearlymobilization.Manyoftheseelementsarebasedonevidencesderivedfromrandomizedclinicaltrialsorsystematicmeta-analysis. |